{"id":5505,"date":"2024-03-06T09:27:25","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T09:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/?p=5505"},"modified":"2024-03-06T09:44:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T09:44:43","slug":"dealing-with-standby-slot-problems-in-pg_auto_failover","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/dealing-with-standby-slot-problems-in-pg_auto_failover\/","title":{"rendered":"Fixing Standby Slot Problems with pg_auto_failover"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dealing with failover in PostgreSQL clusters has always been tricky, but now there&#8217;s a solution: pg_auto_failover. This awesome tool makes it super easy to keep an eye on failovers and resolve the fencing issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, how does it work? Well, pg_auto_failover uses something called the Single Standby Architecture. This fancy term just means it keeps your PostgreSQL services going without any hiccups. And the best part? It&#8217;s really easy to use! You&#8217;ve got just three main nodes: one primary PostgreSQL node, one standby node that&#8217;s always ready to jump in, and a smart monitor node that keeps an eye on everything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We have an existing primary and running with a hot standby replica. We want to configure the pg_auto_failover for this, as a part of that process. We have created a monitoring node and then added the primary and standby to the cluster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create monitor:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nohup \/usr\/pgsql-14\/bin\/pg_autoctl create monitor --pgctl \/usr\/pgsql-14\/bin\/pg_ctl --pgdata \/tmp\/monitor_node\/ --pgport 5433 --auth trust --run  --no-ssl &gt; \/dev\/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Register primary:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pg_autoctl create postgres --name node2 --pgport 5432 --dbname pg_auto_failover --monitor postgres:\/\/autoctl_node@192.168.10.101:5433\/pg_auto_failover --auth md5 --ssl-self-signed --hostname 192.168.10.102<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-bash-4.2$ pg_autoctl show state<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> Name |  Node |          Host:Port |       TLI: LSN |   Connection |      Reported State |      Assigned State\n------+-------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------+--------------------\nnode1 |     1 | 192.168.10.101:5432 |   1: 0\/501D530 |   read-write |        wait_primary |             primary\nnode2 |     8 |  192.168.10.102:5432 |   1: 0\/5000000 |    read-only |           secondary |           secondary<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything went well and the auto failover is showing the correct status. After a few days of smooth sailing with our PostgreSQL setup, we noticed our pg_wal directory was filling up fast. Upon investigation, we discovered that a replication slot created by pg_auto_failover was to blame. Despite being inactive and unused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Initially, we tried to drop the replication slot <code>(pgautofailover_standby_8)<\/code> manually created by  <code>pg_auto_failover<\/code>, but it did not allow us to do the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>postgres=# select * from pg_replication_slots ;\n-&#091; RECORD 1 ]-------+-------------------------\nslot_name           | manual_slot\nplugin              |\nslot_type           | physical\ndatoid              |\ndatabase            |\ntemporary           | f\nactive              | t\nactive_pid          | 8492\nxmin                | 739\ncatalog_xmin        |\nrestart_lsn         | 0\/501D530\nconfirmed_flush_lsn |\nwal_status          | reserved\nsafe_wal_size       |\ntwo_phase           | f\n-&#091; RECORD 2 ]-------+-------------------------\nslot_name           | pgautofailover_standby_8\nplugin              |\nslot_type           | physical\ndatoid              |\ndatabase            |\ntemporary           | f\nactive              | f\nactive_pid          |\nxmin                |\ncatalog_xmin        |\nrestart_lsn         | 0\/501D448\nconfirmed_flush_lsn |\nwal_status          | reserved\nsafe_wal_size       |\ntwo_phase           | f\n\npostgres=# select pg_drop_replication_slot('pgautofailover_standby_8');\n-&#091; RECORD 1 ]------------+-\npg_drop_replication_slot |\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>postgres=#  select * from pg_replication_slots ;\n-&#091; RECORD 1 ]-------+-------------------------\nslot_name           | manual_slot\nplugin              |\nslot_type           | physical\ndatoid              |\ndatabase            |\ntemporary           | f\nactive              | t\nactive_pid          | 8492\nxmin                | 739\ncatalog_xmin        |\nrestart_lsn         | 0\/501D530\nconfirmed_flush_lsn |\nwal_status          | reserved\nsafe_wal_size       |\ntwo_phase           | f\n-&#091; RECORD 2 ]-------+-------------------------\nslot_name           | pgautofailover_standby_8\nplugin              |\nslot_type           | physical\ndatoid              |\ndatabase            |\ntemporary           | f\nactive              | f\nactive_pid          |\nxmin                |\ncatalog_xmin        |\nrestart_lsn         | 0\/501D448\nconfirmed_flush_lsn |\nwal_status          | reserved\nsafe_wal_size       |\ntwo_phase           | f\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, we discovered that slots weren&#8217;t always removed during failover or switchover events. Instead, they were only deleted when pg_rewind had something to fix. This happens when pg_rewind clears out various folders, including the one where the slot is stored (called pg_replslot\/), leading to the slot&#8217;s removal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To resolve our issues, we dismantled the existing disaster recovery setup and reconfigured it with pg_auto_failover. This demonstrates how pg_auto_failover assumes control over the entire replication process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bash-4.2$ pg_autoctl drop node --destroy\n06:02:27 28290 INFO  Removing node with name \"node1\" in formation \"default\" from the monitor\n06:02:27 28290 INFO  An instance of pg_autoctl is running with PID 5346, waiting for it to stop.\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  The pg_autoctl instance with pid 5346 has now terminated.\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  This node with id 1 in formation \"default\" and group 0 has been dropped from the monitor\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  Stopping PostgreSQL at \"\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/14\/data\"\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  \/usr\/pgsql-14\/bin\/pg_ctl --pgdata \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/14\/data --wait stop --mode fast\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  \/usr\/pgsql-14\/bin\/pg_ctl status -D \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/14\/data &#091;3]\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  pg_ctl: no server running\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  pg_ctl stop failed, but PostgreSQL is not running anyway\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  Removing \"\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/14\/data\"\n06:02:28 28290 INFO  Removing \"\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/.config\/pg_autoctl\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/14\/data\/pg_autoctl.cfg\"\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>postgres=#  select * from pg_replication_slots ;\n slot_name | plugin | slot_type | datoid | database | temporary | active | active_pid | xmin | catalog_xmin | restart_lsn | confirmed_flush_lsn |\nwal_status | safe_wal_size | two_phase\n-----------+--------+-----------+--------+----------+-----------+--------+------------+------+--------------+-------------+---------------------+-\n-----------+---------------+-----------\n(0 rows)\n\n\n-bash-4.2$ pg_autoctl create postgres --name node1 --pgport 5432 --dbname pg_auto_failover --monitor postgres:\/\/autoctl_node@192.168.10.101:5433\/pg_auto_failover --auth trust --ssl-self-signed --pgdata \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/14\/data\n\n-bash-4.2$ pg_autoctl show state\n Name |  Node |          Host:Port |       TLI: LSN |   Connection |      Reported State |      Assigned State\n------+-------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------+--------------------\nnode1 |     1 | 192.168.10.101:5432 |   1: 0\/501D530 |   read-write |        wait_primary |             primary\nnode2 |     8 |  192.168.10.102:5432 |   1: 0\/5000000 |    read-only |           secondary |           secondary\n\npostgres=#  select * from pg_replication_slots ;\n-&#091; RECORD 1 ]-------+-------------------------\nslot_name           | pgautofailover_standby_9\nplugin              |\nslot_type           | physical\ndatoid              |\ndatabase            |\ntemporary           | f\nactive              | t\nactive_pid          | 8492\nxmin                | 739\ncatalog_xmin        |\nrestart_lsn         | 0\/501D530\nconfirmed_flush_lsn |\nwal_status          | reserved\nsafe_wal_size       |\ntwo_phase           | f\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>pg_auto_failover<\/code> is built to handle the failure of any single node in the system. If a failure occurs, the Log Sequence Number (LSN) may reference a potentially altered history.  <code>Patroni<\/code> also manages fail-over in a similar manner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite these challenges, we found that <code>pg_auto_failover<\/code> effectively handles node failures. It&#8217;s designed to tolerate the failure of any single node in the system, ensuring continued operation even if one component encounters issues. However, it&#8217;s essential to monitor and manage replication slots properly to prevent unnecessary bloat in the pg_wal directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In conclusion, while implementing <code>pg_auto_failover<\/code> may come with its challenges, the benefits far outweigh the drawbacks. By ensuring seamless fail-over management,<code> pg_auto_failover<\/code> simplifies the task of maintaining PostgreSQL clusters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dealing with failover in PostgreSQL clusters has always been tricky, but now there&#8217;s a solution: pg_auto_failover. 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