
{"id":5464,"date":"2024-02-14T09:31:26","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T09:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/?p=5464"},"modified":"2024-02-14T09:35:05","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T09:35:05","slug":"slaying-the-bloated-dragon-pg_index_watchs-quest-for-postgresql-index-perfection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/slaying-the-bloated-dragon-pg_index_watchs-quest-for-postgresql-index-perfection\/","title":{"rendered":"Using pg_index_watch for PostgreSQL Indexing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s delve into exploring <code>pg_index_watch<\/code>. In this instalment, I will guide you through the rationale behind its creation and explain its operational nuances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meet <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> &#8211; a utility for automagical rebuild of bloated indexes, an absolutely handly tool designed to tackle index bloat on PostgreSQL tables with high velocity of UPDATEs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Index bloat on frequently updated tables is a common problem in PostgreSQL. Even with <code>autovacuum<\/code>, which is built-in, index bloat often persists despite different settings. <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> steps in to address this by automatically rebuilding indexes when necessary, offering a solution where autovacuum falls short.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>PostgreSQL 12<\/b> brought about the introduction of <b>REINDEX CONCURRENTLY<\/b>, offering a safer method to rebuild indexes and consequently reduce bloat. However, a lingering question remained: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>How do we determine when an index is bloated and if it needs to be rebuilt?<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We require a straightforward statistical model to help us gauge the level of index bloat without the necessity of conducting a thorough review of the entire index.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>pg_index_watch<\/code> tackles this challenge with a unique strategy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Utilizing PostgreSQL&#8217;s capabilities, <\/b><code>pg_index_watch<\/code><b> leverages two key metrics:<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The count of rows within the index (accessible via <code>pg_class.reltuples<\/code>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Size of the index itself<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By monitoring this ratio, <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> can detect when an index is bloated \u2013 indicated by a doubling of the ratio from its regular state. This signals that the index is nearing a 100% bloat rate, prompting pg_index_watch to spring into action, initiating a reindexing process without requiring manual intervention from database administrators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For installing and using pg_index_watch, you&#8217;ll need:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PostgreSQL version 12.0 or higher<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Superuser access and Passwordless access to the database as a superuser\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Recommendations:<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your server can handle it, consider setting up multiple (i.e., non-zero) <code>max_parallel_maintenance_workers<\/code> to speed up index rebuilds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Installation (as a PostgreSQL user):&nbsp;<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obtain the pg_index_watch code by cloning the repository from GitHub using the command <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>git clone <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dataegret\/pg_index_watch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/github.com\/dataegret\/pg_index_watch<\/a><\/strong><\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Navigate into the <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> directory.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then, execute the SQL script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>index_watch_tables.sql<\/code><br>to create the necessary table structure, followed by importing the code, including stored procedures, using <code>index_watch_functions.sql<\/code> via:<br><br><code>psql -1 -d osdb_index_bloat -f index_watch_functions.sql<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the initial launch of <code>pg_index_watch<\/code>, it&#8217;s imperative to prepare for a significant transformation. At this crucial stage, all indexes exceeding 10MB (default setting) undergo a comprehensive rebuilding process. This meticulous approach guarantees that your indexes are finely tuned for peak performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, be mindful that this process may require several hours or even days to complete, particularly for larger databases. We recommend initiating this process manually to ensure a seamless transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>nohup psql -d osdb_index_bloat -qt -c \"CALL index_watch.periodic(TRUE);\" &gt;&gt; index_watch.log<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Continuous Monitoring:&nbsp;<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the initial launch, <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> seamlessly transitions into continuous monitoring mode. From this point forward, only newly created or bloated indexes trigger alerts, ensuring ongoing database optimisation. Furthermore, <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> offers the flexibility to utilise current index sizes as a baseline, further enhancing its adaptability to your database&#8217;s evolving needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Setting Up Cron:<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To uphold consistent performance, establishing a cron schedule for regular monitoring is essential. Whether scheduling daily checks at midnight or hourly scans during periods of high activity, cron ensures that <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> remains vigilant without impeding critical maintenance tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>00 * * * * psql -d osdb_index_bloat -AtqXc \"select not pg_is_in_recovery();\" | grep -qx t || exit; psql -d osdb_index_bloat -qt -c \"CALL index_watch.periodic(TRUE);\"<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>In Conclusion<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> by your side, attaining peak PostgreSQL performance becomes a straightforward endeavour. As you embark on this path, have confidence that your database&#8217;s well-being and effectiveness are being diligently monitored. Embrace the benefits of continuous monitoring, and witness the remarkable enhancements that <code>pg_index_watch<\/code> brings to your PostgreSQL databases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s delve into exploring pg_index_watch. In this instalment, I will guide you through the rationale behind its creation and explain [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5476,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,42,89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-postgresql-14","category-postgresql-15","category-postgresql-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Using pg_index_watch for PostgreSQL Indexing - OpenSource DB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using pg_index_watch for PostgreSQL Indexing - OpenSource DB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Let&#8217;s delve into exploring pg_index_watch. 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