
{"id":4137,"date":"2023-06-14T08:19:23","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T08:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/?p=4137"},"modified":"2023-06-14T08:33:54","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T08:33:54","slug":"the-quick-and-easy-way-to-upgrade-postgres-using-pg_upgrade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/the-quick-and-easy-way-to-upgrade-postgres-using-pg_upgrade\/","title":{"rendered":"The quick and easy way to upgrade Postgres using &#8216;pg_upgrade&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why pg_upgrade?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>pg_upgrade<\/strong> is a utility provided by PostgreSQL that allows you to upgrade your database cluster from an older version to a newer version without the need for a lengthy dump and restore process. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This utility is not required for minor version upgrades, which means that upgrading your current version of 11.1 to 11.9, this utility is not necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Performing pg_upgrade<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To upgrade from PostgreSQL version 11 (current version) to version 15 (a newer version) using <code><strong>pg_upgrade<\/strong><\/code>, follow these step-by-step instructions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 1:&nbsp; <\/strong>Prerequisites&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note:<\/em> <em>Make sure you have created a latest backup of your PostgreSQL 11 (i.e.,current version) databases.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Download and install PostgreSQL 15 (i.e., the newer version) on your system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 2:<\/strong> Install PostgreSQL 15 Cluster<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudo dnf install -y https:\/\/download.postgresql.org\/pub\/repos\/yum\/reporpms\/EL-9-x86_64\/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm<br>sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql<br>sudo dnf install -y postgresql15-ser<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 3:<\/strong> Initialize the new PostgreSQL-15 cluster<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudo \/usr\/pgsql-15\/bin\/postgresql-15-setup initdb<br>sudo systemctl enable postgresql-15<br>sudo systemctl start postgresql-15<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 4:<\/strong> Stop both PostgreSQL Clusters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudo systemctl stop postgresql-15<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudo systemctl stop postgresql-11<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 5:<\/strong> Perform upgrade check<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before performing <strong>pg_upgrade<\/strong>, we have to check if the clusters are compatible or not. So we can use the option <em>&#8211;check<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>[postgres@localhost data]$ \/usr\/pgsql-15\/bin\/pg_upgrade -b \/usr\/pgsql-11\/bin\/ -B \/usr\/pgsql-15\/bin\/ -d \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/11\/data\/ -D \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/15\/data\/ -o ' -c config_file=\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/11\/data\/postgresql.conf' -O ' -c config_file=\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/15\/data\/postgresql.conf' --check<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this step, if the &#8220;<em>&#8211;check<\/em>&#8221; command fails, indicating an error, it is necessary to investigate and resolve the issue before proceeding.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When <em>repmgr<\/em> is running on a PostgreSQL cluster, the following error message may occur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>Performing Consistency Checks on Old Live Server<\/code><br>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br><code>Checking cluster versions ok<\/code><br><code>Checking database user is the install user ok<br>Checking database connection settings ok<br>Checking for prepared transactions ok<br>Checking for system-defined composite types in user tables ok<br>Checking for reg* data types in user tables ok<br>Checking for contrib\/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok<br>Checking for tables WITH OIDS ok<br>Checking for invalid \"sql_identifier\" user columns ok<br>Checking for presence of required libraries fatal<\/code><br><code>Your installation references loadable libraries that are missing from the<br>new installation. You can add these libraries to the new installation,<br>or remove the functions using them from the old installation. A list of<br>problem libraries is in the file:<br>loadable_libraries.txt<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and checking the content of the loadable_libraries.txt file, you may see something like following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>[postgres@localhost ~]$ cat loadable_libraries.txt<br>could not load library \"$libdir\/repmgr\": ERROR: could not access file \"$libdir\/repmgr\": No such file or directory<br>Database: postgres<br>Database: repmgr<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Resolution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this case, when upgrading to a new version, it is necessary to install <em>repmgr<\/em> in the new version as well, i.e., the utilities &amp; extensions that were installed on the source Postgres version would also need to be installed on the target Postgres version to maintain consistency and compatibility.<br>We will recheck the same command once again and the result will be as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"701\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade__check.png\" alt=\"pg_upgrade --check\" class=\"wp-image-4138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade__check.png 701w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade__check-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade__check-159x99.png 159w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade__check-128x80.png 128w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade__check-394x246.png 394w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><figcaption>Image: pg_upgrade &#8211;check<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s important to perform thorough testing after the upgrade to ensure the compatibility of your applications with the new version of PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 6:<\/strong> Perform actual upgrade<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>[postgres@localhost data]$ \/usr\/pgsql-15\/bin\/pg_upgrade -b \/usr\/pgsql-11\/bin\/ -B \/usr\/pgsql-15\/bin\/ -d <\/code>\/<code>var\/lib\/pgsql\/11\/data\/ -D \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/15\/data\/ -o ' -c config_file=\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/11\/data\/postgresql.conf' -O ' -c config_file=\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/15\/data\/postgresql.conf'<\/code><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>Performing Upgrade<br>--------------------------<br>Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok<br>Freezing all rows in the new cluster ok<br>Deleting files from new pg_xact ok<br>Copying old pg_xact to new server ok<br>Setting oldest XID for new cluster ok<br>Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok<br>Deleting files from new pg_multixact\/offsets ok<br>Copying old pg_multixact\/offsets to new server ok<br>Deleting files from new pg_multixact\/members ok<br>Copying old pg_multixact\/members to new server ok<br>Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok<br>Resetting WAL archives ok<br>Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok<br>Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok<br>Restoring database schemas in the new cluster ok<br>Copying user relation files ok<br>Setting next OID for new cluster ok<\/code><br><code>Sync data directory to disk ok<br>Creating script to delete old cluster ok<br>Checking for extension updates ok<br>Upgrade Complete<br>-------------------------<br>Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade.<br>Once you start the new server, consider running:<br>\/usr\/pgsql-15\/bin\/vacuumdb --all --analyze-in-stages<\/code><br><br><code>Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:<br>.\/delete_old_cluster.sh<\/code><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade.png\" alt=\"pg_upgrade\" class=\"wp-image-4139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade.png 672w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade-131x99.png 131w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade-106x80.png 106w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pg_upgrade-394x297.png 394w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><figcaption>Image: pg_upgrade<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 7: <\/strong>Start the PostgreSQL-15 cluster<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudo systemctl start postgresql-15<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 8:<\/strong> verify PostgreSQL-15 Cluster after upgrade using the command <code>vacuumdb --all --analyze-in-stages<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/verify_PostgrrSQL_cluster.png\" alt=\"verify PostgreSQL cluster\" class=\"wp-image-4140\" width=\"703\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/verify_PostgrrSQL_cluster.png 703w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/verify_PostgrrSQL_cluster-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/verify_PostgrrSQL_cluster-490x99.png 490w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/verify_PostgrrSQL_cluster-396x80.png 396w, https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/verify_PostgrrSQL_cluster-394x80.png 394w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><figcaption>Image: verify PostgreSQL cluster<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>pg_upgrade<\/strong> provides a convenient upgrade method, it&#8217;s important to perform thorough testing after the upgrade to ensure the compatibility of your applications with the new version of PostgreSQL.<br>If you wish to remove the old cluster\u2019s data files, you can run <code>.\/delete_old_cluster.sh<\/code> as the <em>postgres<\/em> user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, <strong>pg_upgrade<\/strong> is a valuable tool for upgrading PostgreSQL databases, providing a seamless and efficient way to move from an older version to a newer one while preserving your data and minimizing downtime.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why pg_upgrade? pg_upgrade is a utility provided by PostgreSQL that allows you to upgrade your database cluster from an older [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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