{"id":3564,"date":"2023-02-08T06:57:56","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T06:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/?p=3564"},"modified":"2023-02-08T06:58:52","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T06:58:52","slug":"safer-internet-day-the-postgres-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/safer-internet-day-the-postgres-way\/","title":{"rendered":"Safer Internet Day &#8211; The Postgres Way"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/safer-internet-day-2023-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3565\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>The Internet is not a SAFE place. PERIOD!<br>Well, YOU  can make it Safer!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At <a href=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/\">OpenSource DB<\/a>, we took the standard DBA processes and turned them into Safe &amp; Best practices. Read on to know more:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below are some processes that can be implemented as Database safety measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CIS Benchmarking for Postgres<\/li><li>DB security practices for DBA\/Developer\/DevOps<\/li><li>Whitelisting and blacklisting (yes, you read it correctly) of user connections<\/li><li>Kerberos authentication<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CIS Benchmarking for Postgres<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each CIS benchmark undergoes two phases of consensus review:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Initial benchmark development<\/li><li>Publish benchmark after review<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Benchmark tests are broadly classified into the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PostgreSQL Installation and Patches<\/li><li>Directory and File Permissions<\/li><li>Overall Logging And Audit Trail<\/li><li>PostgreSQL User management and Authorization<\/li><li>PostgreSQL parameters and configuration<\/li><li>Replication and Special considerations<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DB security practices for DBA\/Developer\/DevOps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Database security is addressed at several levels:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Clear classification of Access Controls: <\/strong>Database file protection. All files stored within the database are protected from reading by any account other than the Postgres superuser account. Be vigilant about enforcing the principle of least privilege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MigOpsRepos\/credcheck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>credcheck from MigOps<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong> The <code>credcheck<\/code> PostgreSQL extension provides a few general credential checks, which will be evaluated during the user creation, password change, and user renaming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Database Encryption At Rest &amp; In-Transit: <\/strong>TLS is a good start, communication across the board via SSL. Using various postgres extensions like <code>anon<\/code>, <code>pgcrypto<\/code> etc., are a good starting point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Classification of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PII<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protected_health_information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PHI<\/strong><\/a><strong> and Sensitive data: <\/strong>Adhering to compliance standards, knowing your dataset, and continuous audits are good practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Test dataset vs Production dataset: <\/strong>Test environments to &#8220;never ever&#8221; contain real production data. Instead, create synthetic or anonymized datasets to enable testing on realistic data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constant Monitoring: <\/strong>Continuous monitoring allows you to identify compromised accounts quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Whitelisting and Blacklisting User connections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HBA stands for host-based authentication. The general format of the <code>pg_hba.conf<\/code> file is a set of records, one per line.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below is an example of whitelisting &amp; blacklisting a user. It will allow connections with a password for this specific user from this specific LAN\/WAN IP. Only this user and <code>postgres<\/code> will be allowed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>TYPE<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>DATABASE<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>USER<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ADDRESS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>METHOD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DBA Admin login by Unix Domain Socket<\/td><td>local<\/td><td>all<\/td><td>postgres<\/td><td><\/td><td>peer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPv4 Local Connections<\/td><td>host<\/td><td>all<\/td><td>YOUR_USER<\/td><td>[USER_IP]\/32<\/td><td>md5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPv4 Local Connections<\/td><td>host<\/td><td>all<\/td><td>bad-guy<\/td><td>[bad-guy-ip]<\/td><td>reject<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Note: HBA changes need a config <em>reload<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kerberos authentication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kerberos is a network authentication protocol. It is designed to provide strong authentication for client\/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. Kerberos is an industry-standard secure authentication system suitable for distributed computing over a public network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s a reference article on AWS that talks about <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/AmazonRDS\/latest\/UserGuide\/postgresql-kerberos-connecting.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Connecting to PostgreSQL with Kerberos authentication<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How does OpenSource DB ensure the Safety of Customer data?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We at OSDB, being a pioneer in OpenSource Database Services, understand the importance of the Customers&#8217; data and it is our top priority to safeguard the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our quest towards continuous safety is empowered by being:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gdpr.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GDPR<\/a> Complaint and an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/54534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ISO 27<\/a>001:2013 compliant company\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/hari-osdb\/talk-postgres\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Talk to us <\/a>to know more about Safer DBA practices.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also, we\u2019re presenting at the <a href=\"https:\/\/pgconf.in\/conferences\/pgconfin2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PG Conf India<\/a> <strong>Feb 22 &#8211; 24 2023,<\/strong> come to say Hi to us!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Till then, Be Safe!!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Internet is not a SAFE place. PERIOD!Well, YOU can make it Safer! At OpenSource DB, we took the standard [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,42],"tags":[24,44,26],"class_list":["post-3564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-postgresql-14","category-postgresql-15","tag-postgres14","tag-postgres15","tag-postgresql"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Safer Internet Day - The Postgres Way - OpenSource DB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Safer Internet Day - The Postgres Way - OpenSource DB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Internet is not a SAFE place. 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At OpenSource DB, we took the standard [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/safer-internet-day-the-postgres-way\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OpenSource DB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/OpenSource-DB\/100072970755470\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-08T06:57:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-08T06:58:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/safer-internet-day-2023-1024x538.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hari Kiran\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@opensource_db\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@opensource_db\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hari Kiran\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/safer-internet-day-the-postgres-way\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/safer-internet-day-the-postgres-way\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hari Kiran\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/test.opensource-db.in\/wp1\/#\/schema\/person\/2d16bf6a94c0502f1c5b69e4a36e9a09\"},\"headline\":\"Safer Internet Day &#8211; 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